Given by: Enoch, faithfully executing the commission of 1 Enoch 12. Given to: Azâzêl, chief corrupter among the fallen Watchers, who had taught mankind unrighteousness.

Ancient readers understood teachers to bear responsibility for their pupils' deeds. The tradition that corrupting instruction is itself a capital offence against heaven answers a community's question of why evil had grown so vast: someone had taught it.

And Enoch went and said: ‘Azâzêl, thou shalt have no peace: a severe sentence has gone forth against thee to put thee in bonds: And thou shalt not have toleration nor request granted to thee, because of the unrighteousness which thou hast taught, and because of all the works of godlessness and unrighteousness and sin which thou hast shown to men.’

Enoch obeys his commission: he goes and tells Azâzêl to his face that his sentence stands — because of the unrighteousness he taught and the sin he showed to men. Obedient witness, and a solemn warning against teaching others to sin.

1 Enoch 13:1-2

Your Spirit

Loves God

Loves Neighbor

Your Body

Moral Behaviour