Given by: an angel of God, one of the holy ones, to Hagar in the wilderness of Beersheba as her son lay dying of thirst — recounted by the angel of the presence to Moses on Sinai. Given to: a cast-out servant woman, the least protected person in the story.

A dismissed bondwoman in the wilderness had no patron, no legal recourse and no future — yet it is to her, not to a patriarch, that this angel comes; the scene overturns every ancient assumption about whose voice reaches heaven.

And an angel of God, one of the holy ones, said unto her, 'Why weepest thou, Hagar? Arise take the child, and hold him in thine hand; for God hath heard thy voice, and hath seen the child.'

To a weeping mother at the point of despair the angel says: Arise, take the child — for God has heard your voice and has seen the child.

Jubilees 17:11

Your Spirit

Loves God

Loves Neighbor

Your Body

Moral Behaviour