Given by: the angel of the presence to Moses on Sinai, sealing the law against defilement with the character of the Judge. Given to: Moses for 'every man or woman in Israel'.

In the ancient world gifts routinely secured the favour of rulers and gods alike; the book cuts against the whole system — Israel's God cannot be retained, flattered or fee'd, which made covenant obedience the only currency that mattered.

And there will be no respect of persons and no consideration of persons and no receiving at his hands of fruits and offerings and burnt-offerings and fat, nor the fragrance of sweet savour, so as to accept it: and so fare every man or woman in Israel who defiles the sanctuary.

God shows no partiality and accepts no gift from a defiled hand — no offering, however fragrant, substitutes for obedience.

Jubilees 30:16

Your Spirit

Loves God

Loves Neighbor

Your Body

Moral Behaviour