Given by: the angel of the presence, explaining God's verdict on Judah, in the book's retelling of Genesis dictated to Moses on Sinai. Given to: Judah and the reader, as a window into how God judges.

The Law itself distinguished sins of ignorance from high-handed sins, with different remedies; Jubilees applies that principle to Judah, showing the patriarch judged with the mercy the Law reserved for the unwitting.

And unto Judah we said that his two sons had not lain with her, and for this reason his seed was stablished for a second generation, and would not be rooted out. For in singleness of eye he had gone and sought for punishment, namely, according to the judgment of Abraham, which he had commanded his sons, Judah had sought to burn her with fire.

God weighs the full circumstances and Judah's sincere, single-eyed intent — showing that sin in ignorance, with an upright heart, is judged with mercy rather than destruction.

Jubilees 41:27-28

Your Spirit

Loves God

Loves Neighbor

Your Body

Moral Behaviour